What happens if there is a power cut. Does the printer just carry on where it left off?
Depends on the firmware and the printer. Some can resume, others can't.
My Voron printer can be pimped in many ways and should then be able to resume.
As to the speed: As with everything, you can usually tune your 3D printer for speed. A different nozzle, heating and fast motors and even more important the motor controllers can speed up a printer up to ten times of it's normal speed.
This always comes at a price: Less accuracy, more wear, more noise, higher end (and thus more costly) components, you name it ...
There are (of course) many competitions of which is the fastest printer. The so called "Benchy", a small boat, is commonly used as a benchmark.
A normal one takes about an hour to print and usually looks like so:
But the fastest FDM printers (what we are talking about here) take less than 3 minutes to print it. The results look comparably ugly, but are still complete Benchies. Even though no one wants such ugly results, these guys are doing the doable and push the technology forward. Such printers are masterpieces of mechatronics, software, timing and knowledge.
View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRUQBTPgon4
This is btw a Voron as well, but I think there is no more original part in it. Tuned to the maximum.
3D printing is not for those in a hurry. You usually print a prototype in low quality, and if it works you print again in a quality which is a good compromise of time and result. Switch it on, and if the workpiece is large look at it the next day or even later. Your printer shouldn't sit in the living room. And an office or a workshop off the sleeping and living area is mandatory.
Even smaller projects usually take at least one or a few hours. It always takes time.
If the printer is in good working order and well set up, 3D printing is definitely mature. And you can make things which you couldn't otherwise.
The examples here show which universe of constructions appeared with 3D printing.
The gear bearing from Emmett (a master of design) for example, starting at 2:15, can not be built with traditional methods, it is impossible. It is not assembled but was printed as one piece in one wash.
View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1exO19Unh0